Castillon Challenge Aces
(written by Gene Castillon)

[Note from Simon: Gene sent me the following Ace routine. It's a production of the four Aces, followed by a three phase Ace assembly. It starts and ends with the deck in Aronson stack order. Gene modestly named it the "Aronson Challenge Aces" (because he was responding to a challenge I had set) but I've renamed it to more appropriately credit its creator. Except for some minor organizational editing, and the inevitable typos, I've left it in Gene's own words.]

Simon Aronson has revolutionized and popularized memorized deck magic with the publication of the Aronson Stack (A Stack to Remember) and his innovative approach in Try the Impossible to design effects which maintain Aronson stack order.

On his website (www.simonaronson.com), Simon states, "It would, of course, be ideal if you could start an Ace assembly or similar routine from Aronson stack order and at the end the deck would still be in full stack order. I’ve worked on this problem off and on, but since the Ace effect ought to be a strong one in its own right, thus far I’ve found the trade-off of maintaining complete stack order too high a price. (Consider this a challenge, if you want)."

What follows is my attempt to answer Simon Aronson’s challenge. It borrows heavily on Mr. Aronson’s groundbreaking techniques and procedures in maintaining stack order and features the magic appearance of the four Aces prior to the assembly phases.

Set-up: Start with the deck in Aronson stack order and cut the KC to the face.

Production of the Aces:

1. Explain that gamblers have always wanted the ability to cut to the Aces in a deck of cards. You have decided to take a different approach. You have spent six months educating and training you pet deck. The cards will do the work for you.

Spell F-O-U-R, reverse dealing one card for each letter into a FD pile on your left. Spell A-C-E-S, reverse dealing one card for each letter into a FD pile to the right of the first dealt pile. Place the remainder of the deck FD to your right.

Simultaneously turn up the top cards on the two FD dealt packets to reveal the black Aces! Leave the Aces FU on top of each dealt packet.

2. Grasp both packets in Biddle grip with your palm down left and right hands, lift both packets off the table, and turn your hands palm up to reveal the 5C and 3H. Explain that your trained deck cannot only spell but can also do math. Five plus three is eight. Turn your hands palm down and replace the two packets back on the table. Pick up the remainder of the deck and count down eight cards one at a time, reverse dealing the FD cards into a third packet to the right of the first two. As you deal the eighth card, flip it FU onto the third packet to reveal the AD!

3. Explain that you will find the last Ace by a combination of Math and Spelling. Spell M-A-T-H, reverse dealing the FD cards one at a time into a fourth pile beneath the middle (AC) packet. Place the remainder of the deck FD to your left. Pick up the fourth packet and perform an UNDER/DOWN DEAL. Spell "H" as you move the top card under the packet. Spell "E" as you deal the new top card FD to the table. Spell "A" as you move the new top card under the packet. Spell "R" as you deal the next card FD onto the FD card on the table. Spell "T" as you move the next card under the packet. Spell "S" as you deal the next card FD onto the fourth packet. You are left with one FD card in your hand. Flip it FU to reveal the AH and place it FU on top of the fourth pile. You have found all four Aces!

4. Pick up the fourth (AH) pile, spread to show 3 FD cards and the FU AH, take the top two cards spread in your right hand, and hold the remaining two FD cards spread in your left hand. As you bring your hands together, allow the FD card in your right hand to slide between the two cards in your left hand while you retain the FU AH in your right hand. Table the AH FU back to the spot on the table where the fourth pile was as your left hand drops its three cards FD on the FD deck. Simultaneously pick up the AS with your left hand and the AC with your right hand. Slide the AS onto the AC, holding both in your right hand. Drop both black Aces onto the tabled AH. Pick up the FU AD and drop it onto the other FU aces.

As you pick up the three piles of FD cards, you will position the cards for the Ace assemblies to follow. With your right hand pick up the top FD card of the seven-card (AD) pile and use it as a scoop to pick up that pile and put it into your left hand. Repeat this scoop action with the second (AC) packet and the first (AS) packet, dropping each packet on top of the packet in your left hand. Drop the left hand assembled packets FD onto the FD deck.

Assembly – Phase One

5. You are ready to begin your first Ace assembly. Explain that the Aces are accomplished magicians and would like to demonstrate their magical skills. Flip the FU Aces FD on the table in a squared packet. Pick up the FD deck, spread over the top three cards, take them into your palm up right hand (without reversing their order), turn you right hand palm down to show the faces of the three spot cards, and then place the three cards as a unit FD onto the tabled Aces. As you place these cards onto the Aces, down jog the 2H. Fan over the next three cards of the deck, take them into your palm up right hand (without reversing their order), flash their faces to the audience, and place them FD on the tabled cards. Repeat this action two more times, placing three, six, nine, twelve indifferent cards onto the Aces. The audience will see eleven spot cards and one face card (KD). These cards will represent close up spectators to witness and monitor the magic. Discard the rest of the FD deck (in Aronson stack order) out of your performing area.

6. Pick up the tabled FD sixteen card packet, turn it FU sideways, and secure a right little finger Erdnase break under the FU 2H (easy to do due to the down jog). You are holding the packet from above by the ends in your right hand, secretly maintaining the Erdnase break. Your left hand will now thumb off apparently the four Aces into your left hand, really executing a packet switch. Fairly thumb off the FU AD FU in your palm up left hand. Return to thumb off the AS FU onto the FU AD. Return once again to thumb off the AC FU onto the Aces in your left hand. As you return to thumb off the AH, you will leave the three Aces under the FU packet in your right hand and take all the cards above your right little finger Erdnase break. It will appear to your audience that you simply thumbed off the four Aces into your left hand. Flip the left hand cards FD sideways with your left thumb and deal the four FD cards in a square formation onto the table—first card to your upper left, second card to your upper right, third card to your lower right, and fourth card to your lower left. You are now going to deal three spectators (indifferent cards) onto each magician for safekeeping.

You are holding the FU packet in your right hand in Biddle grip. Thumb off the 8D into your palm up left hand. As your left hand comes back to thumb off the 3H, leave the 8D under the FU packet, securing an Erdnase right little finger break above the 8D, and come away with the 3H. Fairly thumb off the 6C onto the 3H and place these squared cards FD on the Ace (?) at your upper left. You have apparently thumbed off three spot cards and placed them on the first Ace. In reality you placed two spot cards on another spot card.

Fairly thumb off the next three cards (KD, 7D, 8C) and place them FD on the second Ace (?) at your upper right. Apparently thumb off the next three cards and place them FD on the Ace at your lower left. In fact, you will execute a switch for 3 Aces and the 2D. Thumb off the 10S and then the 5H into your palm up left hand. As your left hand returns to take the 2D, leave the cards in your left hand under the FU packet and take all the cards above your right little finger Erdnase break. Place this squared packet FD on the Ace (AH) at your lower left. Fairly thumb off the last three cards (8D, 5H, 10S) from your right hand into your left hand one at a time (reversing their order). Place this squared packet FD on the Ace (?) at your lower right. You have apparently covered each Ace with three indifferent cards. In reality, there are three spot cards at your upper left, four indifferent cards at your upper right, four indifferent cards at your lower right, and five cards at your lower left (the four Aces & 2D).

7. Explain that it will difficult for the Aces to perform their magic surrounded by spectators. Pick up the FD four-card packet at your lower right. Hold the packet in Elmsley (Ghost) Count position in your right hand. (I am a lefty and Elmsley Count from my right hand into my left hand. Reverse the description if you count from left to right.) Simulate the actions of your Elmsley Count, but fairly remove the top three cards one at a time into your left hand. Place the final card FD in the center your square array. Place the three cards in your left hand FD back into their position at your lower right. Explain that the first Ace has been positioned in the middle of all the spectators so that no trickery is possible.

Pick up the FD packet at your upper right and repeat the exact same actions. Hold the packet in Elmsley Count position in your right hand, reverse take the top three cards into your left hand, and place the remaining Ace (?) FD in the center of the square with the first Ace (?). Place the three FD cards in your left hand on top of the packet at your lower right.

Pick up the FD packet at your upper left and hold it in Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Your are going to count this three-card packet as four cards by performing an Elmsley Count. Place the last card of the count FD into the center with the other Aces (?) and drop the cards in your left hand on top of the cards at your lower right.

8. Explain that these three Aces will disappear on the count of three. Count to three and turn the three FD cards in the center of the square array FU as a packet. Spread the cards, taking the 9S and 5C into your right hand (without reversing their order) while retaining the 3H in your left hand. Turn both hands palm down to display the backs of the three cards, turn your hands palm up to display the faces, slide the 3H into your right hand above the other two cards, and drop the three FU cards back to the center position in a fanned condition. The Aces have vanished!

9. Point to the FD packet at your lower right. Pick it up, flip it FU sideways, and spread the cards between both your hands in a haphazard fan. Explain that, when you asked these spectators if they saw where the Aces went, they responded that they were totally mystified. Partially square the fan so your left hand can hold all the cards and use them as a scoop to pick up the three FU cards on the table. (The three FU cards will naturally slide to the face of the FU packet.) Square up the FU packet and place it to your lower right.

Pick up the FD packet at your lower left. You are going to show that this packet contains just the four Aces. Hold the packet FD in dealing position in your left hand. Push over the top card to the right, grasp it with your palm down right hand (fingers on top and thumb underneath), revolve your right hand palm up turning the AD FU end for end, and deal it FU to the table. Repeat this Stud Deal action to turn the AS FU, but slide it under the FU AD as you deal it to the table. Repeat this Stud Deal action to turn the AC FU and slide it under the AS as you deal it FU to the table. Grasp the last two cards aligned as one in Stud Deal fashion and use this double to scoop up the three Aces on the table, sliding the double under the AC. The Aces have accomplished their first assembly!

Assembly – Phase Two

10. Explain that the Aces vanished all at once. Would your audience like to see them vanish one-at-a-time in slow motion? Fan out the four Aces (holding the last two cards as one). Flip the fan FD sideways, allowing the Aces to fall together into a squared packet in your left hand. You are going to place the Aces in "T" formation this time using slow, deliberate movements (slow motion as promised). Thumb over the top card to the right (2D), grasp it from above with your palm down right hand (thumb on lower edge, second and third fingers on upper edge, first finger resting on the middle of the card), and slowly place it FD on the table at your upper left. Take the next card (AH) in the same manner and place it FD to your upper center in line with the first FD card. Repeat the same actions with the next card (AC), placing it FD to your upper right in line with the other FD cards. Grasp the last two cards as one and place the double directly below the center FD card to complete your "T" formation. The deliberate (slow motion) placement makes handling the double very easy.

11. You are now going to cover each Ace (?) with three spectators for safekeeping. Perform these placements in a slow, deliberate manner, simulating slow motion. Pick up the FU cards at your lower right and hold them in Biddle Grip in your right hand. Thumb off the 3H into your palm up left hand. As you return to thumb off the 9S, leave the 3H under the FU packet. Return to thumb off the 5C. Turn you left hand palm down and drop the squared two-card packet on the double card in your formation. Proceed to cover the remaining Aces (?) from left to right by fairly taking three cards one-at-a-time into your left hand (reversing their order) and dropping them FD on each Ace (?).

12. Pick up the FD packet at your upper left and hold it in Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Reverse count the top three cards one at a time into your left hand, simulating the actions of your Elmsley Count. Move your left thumb under the three FD cards in your left hand and flip them FU sideways into a three-card fan. Your audience will see three spot cards. Place the remaining FD Ace (?) FD on the FU fan. As you square up the packet, secure a left little finger break under the 8D. Explain that you will leave the first Ace FD among the three FU spectators. Cut the top 2 cards (above your left little finger break) to the bottom of the packet. Explain that you will surround the first Ace with the FU spectators to prevent any trickery. Flip the squared packet FD, grip the cards in Elmsley Count position in your right hand, and tap the packet momentarily on the lower edge of the lower packet in your "T" formation. Reverse count fairly the four-card packet one at a time into your left hand, simulating the actions of your Elmsley Count. Your audience will see three FD cards and the FU 2D. The first Ace has vanished while surrounded. Use the top two FD cards to flip the 2D FD in place, flip the packet FU sideways into your left hand, and take the FU packet into Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Fairly reverse count the four FU cards one at a time into your left hand, simulating the actions of your Elmsley Count. Spread the cards in a FU fan between your two hands. Take the top two cards (5H & 10S) into your right hand (without reversing their order) and retain the 8D & 2D in your left hand. Use the Bob Stencel wiggle action in each hand to display four single cards. As you bring your hands back together, slide the two right hand cards between the two left-hand cards, bringing the 2D to the face of the packet. Square up the FU cards and return them FU to the upper left position in the "T" formation. You have shown backs and faces to prove the Ace has vanished.

13. Pick up the upper center FD packet and hold it in Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Flash the AH on the face of the packet by turning your right hand palm down. Explain the AH will be the second Ace to go. Apparently reverse count the top three cards one a time into your left hand, retaining the AH in your right. In reality, you perform an Elmsley Count which switches the AH to the top of the three-card packet in your left hand and leaves the KD in your right. Use your left thumb to flip FU the squared three-card packet in your left hand. Place the FD Ace (?) on top of the FU packet, slightly down jogging the 8C. As you square the packet, lift up under the down jogged 8C and cut the top two cards under the packet. The 7D will show on the face of the FU packet. Flip the squared packet FD and take it into Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Tap the packet momentarily against the lower edge of the lower packet in the "T" formation. Fairly reverse count the four cards one at a time into your left hand, simulating the actions of your Elmsley Count. Your audience sees three FD cards and the FU KD. The AH has vanished. Use the top two FD cards to flip the FU KD FD in place and then flip the packet FU into your left hand which keeps the cards squared. Grasp the FU packet in Elmsley Count position in your right hand. Apparently reverse count all four cards one at a time into your left hand, showing one KD and three spot cards. In reality, perform an Elmsley Count to show three spot cards and one KD. (The 8C is seen twice during this Elmsley Count but will pass unnoticed since the audience is looking for the missing AH and sees only one KD in its proper position.) Return this squared FU packet to its upper center position in the "T" formation. The second Ace has vanished surrounded by spectators!

14. Pick up the FD packet at your upper right and flip it FU in your left hand which keeps the cards squared. The AC will show on the face of this packet. Explain that the AC will be the third Ace to go. Use Brother John Hamman’s no get ready double turnover from a small packet to apparently turn the AC FD. Cut the top three cards under the remaining card of the packet, simulating a random cut. Flip the squared packet FD and Elmsley Count the cards into you left hand. Your audience sees three FD cards and a FU AC going third from the top. Grasp the packet in Elmsley Count position in your right hand, momentarily tap this packet against the lower FD packet in the "T" formation, and perform an Elmsley Count, simulating reverse counting the four cards into your left hand. Your audience sees three FD cards and a FU 3H. The AC has vanished! During your Elmsley Count, take the FU 3H into an out jogged position (so that the first Heart pip is fully exposed). You will secretly reverse the FU AC (which is on the face of the packet) as you openly turn the 3H FD, using a variation of the Christ-Annemann Alignment Move. You are holding the packet in left hand dealing position with the 3H out jogged. Your left fingers are at the right edge of the packet and your left thumb is lying along the left edge of the packet. (This grip assures proper alignment during the move to follow.) Bring your palm up right hand to the packet, placing your right thumb on the FU 3H, your right forefinger at the forward edge of the 3H, and your right middle finger on the FU AC at the bottom of the packet. As your right thumb begins to push the 3H forwards, your right middle finger slides the FU AC forward under the cover of the 3H. (Your left fingers and thumb keep the jogged cards aligned. If the FD card above the AC moves together with the AC as your right middle finger slides it forward, you can single buckle the FU AC with your left forefinger prior to the move and hold a left little finger break. Now when you execute the move, only the AC will slide.) Stop moving the 3H forward when its second heart pip is fully exposed. Start to push the 3H back down with your right forefinger until it aligns itself with the AC and then pull the double card forward, turning it FD end for end as it clears the packet in your left hand and falls on top of the packet. You have apparently turned the 3H FD on the top of the FD packet.

Thumb over the top FD card of the packet and take it in your palm up right hand. Thumb over the next FD card and take it on top of the card in your right hand. (You have apparently moved the 3H to second from the top.) Both hands now hold two FD cards. Perform the Bob Stencel wiggle with both hands to display four FD cards. Replace the cards in your right hand on top of the cards in your left hand, square the packet, and flip it FU sideways. Perform an Elmsley Count to show four spot cards. The Ace has vanished! (During the Count the 6C is seen twice but will be unnoticed because your audience is looking for the Ace and sees the 3H exactly where it should be--third from the face.)

During this Elmsley Count you will set up the AC & 2H for a Gambler's Cop. When you take the 2H (really a double) into your left hand, position both cards in Gambler's Cop position. Count the remaining two cards into your left hand, maintaining a separation between them and the copped cards with your left fingers. As your palm down right hand grasps in Biddle grip (your right fingers at the forward edge and your right thumb at the rear edge) the two cards above the copped cards in your left hand, your left hand drops naturally to your side in rest position concealing the copped cards. Drop the FU cards onto the FU packet at the upper left of the "T" formation and then pick up the combined FU packet and drop it on the FU packet at the upper center of the "T" formation. Explain that the Aces have vanished one at a time from one, two, three groups of different spectators.

15. As your right hand approaches the four FD cards in your "T" formation, bring your left hand with its cards in Gambler's Cop behind the FD packet. You are going to turn the FD packet FU end for end, allowing the packet to fall FU into your left hand (directly on top of the copped cards). Your palm down right hand contacts the FD packet with your right thumb in the center of the packet, your right fingers sliding under the upper edge of the packet. Revolve the packet FU end for end into your waiting left hand, allowing the packet to fall squared on to the copped cards in your left hand. Immediately Elmsley Count the packet to show four FU Aces. (The AD is seen twice during the count but will pass unnoticed.) The Aces have assembled a second time! To prepare for the final phase, as you count the last two Aces into your left hand, secure a left little finger break under the AC & AD.

Assembly – Phase Three

16. Explain that every time the Aces come together many spectators suspect you are using more cards than just the four Aces and twelve indifferent cards. With your palm down right hand spread the top four or five face cards of the FU packet in the upper center of the "T" formation down towards you. Scoop up the FU indifferent (?) packet and flip it FD end for end near you. Use your right hand to turn the FU Aces (?) in your left hand FD sideways. Your left little finger break will cause the AC & AD to angle jog under the remaining four cards (Marlo's Book Break Technique). Grasp the packet from above in your right hand, fingers at the upper edge and thumb at the lower edge. Your right hand should be directly above the FD indifferent packet on the table. You are going to Direct Add the two angle jogged Aces onto the FD packet as your left hand takes the cards above the angle jog and places them on the table in a spread fan to display four FD cards. Your palm up left hand approaches the FD Aces (?) in your right hand, grasping the cards above the angle jog at their left inner corner between thumb on top and first and second fingers underneath. As your left hand moves forward to the center of the table, spread the four FD cards between your left thumb and fingers. Your right hand drops on top of the FD indifferent (?) packet adding the two Aces directly on the FD packet. As your left hand drops the spread Aces (?) in the center of the table, your right hand picks up the FD indifferent (?) packet and places it FD in dealing position in your now empty palm up left hand.

17. You will now prove that you are using only sixteen cards—the four Aces and twelve indifferent spectators. Use your right hand to spread the four FD Aces (?) more widely in the center of the table, displaying four single cards. You will now count the FD packet in your left hand into your right hand one at a time, taking each card under the previous card (thus not disturbing their order). Down jog the fourth card counted. When all twelve cards have been counted into your right hand, drop the slightly spread packet FD near the edge of the table closest to you. Use both hands to scoop up the spread Aces (?) and hold them in dealing position in your left hand. Explain that the real secret of the magic Aces lies in the power of the AS. Perform a three-card turnover from the bottom of the packet, flipping the AS FU sideways onto the single FD card on top (a Brother John Hamman technique). Turn the FU triple FD as one card and deal the AS (really 9S) FD to the center of the table. Deal the next card (5C) FD to the center upper position of a new "T" formation. Take the next FD card (AS) into your right hand, flick it against the last FD card (2H) in your left hand, and deposit both cards into the "T" formation, your left hand placing its card at the left upper position and your right hand placing its card at the upper right position. You are going to perform a third assembly with a twist. Explain that the master AS will act like a magnet to attract the other Aces. To prove the power of the AS you will cover each Ace with three spectators.

18. Pick up the FD twelve card packet near you and flip it FU sideways into your palm up left hand. As you grasp the packet from above in Biddle Grip with your right hand, lift up on the down jogged card so you can secure a left little finger break above the Aces. You will now use the Veeser Technique to exchange three spot cards for the three Aces. As you thumb off the 6C into your palm up left hand, take the three Aces under your break along with the 6C, maintaining your left little finger break between the 6C and the three Aces. Thumb off the 3H onto the 6C and then thumb off the 2D onto the 3H. You have apparently counted off three spot cards. Momentarily allow your left-hand cards to go under the FU packet in your right hand. Grasp all the cards above your left little finger break with your right hand as your left hand turns palm down and deposits its three cards FD on the AS at your upper right. Fairly reverse count the next three cards one at a time into your left hand and drop them FD on the Ace (?) at the upper center of your "T" formation. Fairly reverse count the next three cards one at a time into your left hand and drop them FD on the Ace (?) at the upper left of your "T" formation. Fairly reverse count the last three spot cards one at a time into your left hand and drop them on the master AS (?) below the upper row of your "T" formation.

19. Pick up the FD packet at your upper left. Simulate the actions of an Elmsley Count, reverse counting the top three cards FD into your left hand one at a time. Lever these cards FU sideways with your left thumb to display 3 spectators. Insert the FD Ace (?) above the KD and pull it to the right away from the fan. Drop the FU indifferent fan to the left of (and in line with) the FD master packet in the center of the table. Flip the FD 2H FU in the upper left position of your "T" formation. The Ace has vanished!

20. Pick up the upper center packet of your "T" formation and hold it in dealing position in your left hand. You are going to Stud Deal the top three cards to the table one at a time, explaining that this time you will get rid of the spectators guarding the Ace. Stud deal the 5H FU to the upper center area of your "T" formation. Stud deal the 10S FU and slide it under the 5H. Stud deal the 8D FU and slide it under the 10S. Give the last FD card a Through the Fist Flourish, turn it FU to show the 5C, and deal the 5C FU under the 2H at your upper left. The second Ace has vanished!

21. Pick up the FD master packet in the center of the table and hold it in dealing position in your left hand. Explain that the AS must be a very powerful magnet. Wave your right hand over the packet and make a tossing motion toward the audience member directly before you. Explain that you have transferred the magic magnetism from the AS to the audience member. Stud deal the 2D FU and drop it onto the 5H at your upper center. Stud deal the next card (3H) FU and drop it below the FD packet at your upper right. Stud deal the next card (6C) FU and drop it on the 3H. Turn the last card (9S) FU and drop it on the 2H at your upper left. The AS has vanished!

22. Have the audience member with the magic magnetism wave his hand over the FD packet at your upper right and reveal that the Aces have assembled for a third time!

Reassembling the Deck:

23. Pick up the KD-7D-8C packet and drop it on the four-card packet at your upper center. Scoop up the upper center combined packet and drop it on the 3H-6C packet at your lower right. Pick up this combined pile at your lower right and drop it on the 3-card packet at your upper left. Return all these cards FD onto the FD deck. The deck is Aronson Stack order except for the Aces. Do a trick using just the four Aces (Dr. Daley’s Last Trick, Vernon’s Twisting the Aces--or its many variants, Phil Goldstein’s Overture, The Asher Twist, etc.) At the conclusion, fan the deck with faces towards you and insert the Aces into their proper positions in the Aronson Stack. Proceed with your favorite Aronson Stack miracles.

COMMENTS:

(1) Credits. The multi-phase assembly plot was directly inspired by Brother John Hamman's Final Aces. The first assembly phase is a minor variation on Marc DeSouza's Ace Assembly from his lecture notes. Phases 2 & 3 were derived from my unpublished exploration of Ace Assemblies (Some Assembly Required). The visual changes in Phase 2 use Elmsley's Four Card Trick as a starting point. The initial production of the Aces from Aronson Stack order was derived from Aronson's Aces Awry. Of course, Simon Aronson is directly responsible for suggesting that an Ace Assembly could be done maintaining stack order. Without his explorations in maintaining stack order (Try the Impossible), this trick would not exist.

(2) [Note from Simon: Gene also sent along some routining suggestions for combining all or parts of the above with my Christ-Aronson Aces. Gene's first combination is to use his Ace Production (steps 1 - 3) as an entry to my routine; his second suggestion is to present a combination of both routines, beginning with his routine, and concluding with mine. There are a few minor variations that are needed to make these transitions (e.g., doing some of the spelling FU to preserve stack order, or culling the 6D to its place next to the 6H beforehand), but practitioners should be able to quickly recognize what needs to be done. If you want to see Gene's full descriptions, you can email him directly at sscarlett715@aol.com.